{"id":100006003,"date":"2026-01-30T12:42:56","date_gmt":"2026-01-30T09:42:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gembapartner.com\/?p=100006003"},"modified":"2026-03-03T13:34:01","modified_gmt":"2026-03-03T10:34:01","slug":"deger-akisi-haritasi-vsm-nedir-gemba-partner","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gembapartner.com\/en\/deger-akisi-haritasi-vsm-nedir-gemba-partner\/","title":{"rendered":"De\u011fer Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 Haritas\u0131 (VSM) Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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De\u011fer Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 Haritas\u0131 (VSM) Nedir?<\/h1>\n

Bir i\u015fletmenin \u00fcretim sahas\u0131na girdi\u011finizde makinelerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, insanlar\u0131n hareket etti\u011fini ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin bir noktadan di\u011ferine ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz. Ancak bu hareketlerin ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten m\u00fc\u015fterinin \u00f6demeye raz\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir “de\u011fer” yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n ise sistemin i\u00e7ine gizlenmi\u015f birer “israf” oldu\u011funu anlamak zordur. \u0130\u015fte De\u011fer Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 Haritas\u0131 (Value Stream Mapping – VSM)<\/b>, bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnmezi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lan en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc lean production<\/a> arac\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Gembapartner olarak, s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinizi bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak g\u00f6rmenizi sa\u011flayacak bu stratejik analiz y\u00f6ntemini t\u00fcm detaylar\u0131yla ele al\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

De\u011fer Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 (Value Stream) Kavram\u0131 Ne Anlama Gelir?<\/h2>\n

De\u011fer ak\u0131\u015f\u0131, bir \u00fcr\u00fcn veya hizmetin ham madde a\u015famas\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak m\u00fc\u015fterinin eline ula\u015fana kadar ge\u00e7ti\u011fi t\u00fcm s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin toplam\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kavram sadece fiziksel \u00fcretimi de\u011fil, bilginin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 da kapsar.<\/p>\n

Bir de\u011fer ak\u0131\u015f\u0131nda iki temel bile\u015fen bulunur:<\/p>\n

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    De\u011fer Katan Faaliyetler:<\/b> \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fcn formunu, i\u015flevini veya kalitesini m\u00fc\u015fterinin talebi do\u011frultusunda de\u011fi\u015ftiren i\u015flemler (\u00d6rn: Bir par\u00e7an\u0131n boyanmas\u0131, montaj\u0131).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    De\u011fer Katmayan Faaliyetler (\u0130sraf):<\/b> Kaynak t\u00fcketen ancak \u00fcr\u00fcne m\u00fc\u015fteri g\u00f6z\u00fcnde bir de\u011fer eklemeyen i\u015flemler (\u00d6rn: Bekleme, ta\u015f\u0131ma, fazla stok).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    De\u011fer Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 Haritas\u0131 (VSM) Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar?<\/h2>\n

    VSM, bir s\u00fcrecin mevcut durumunu ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde veya dijital ortamda standart sembollerle resmetme y\u00f6ntemidir. Ancak bu sadece bir ak\u0131\u015f \u015femas\u0131 de\u011fildir. VSM\u2019in temel i\u015flevi, s\u00fcre\u00e7ler aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 ve bilgi ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kararak “b\u00fcy\u00fck resmi” g\u00f6stermektir.<\/p>\n

    \u0130\u015fletmeler VSM kullanarak;<\/p>\n

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      \u00dcretim \u00e7evrim s\u00fcrelerini (Lead Time) g\u00f6rebilir,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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      S\u00fcre\u00e7teki darbo\u011fazlar\u0131 nokta at\u0131\u015f\u0131yla tespit edebilir,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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      Bilgi ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile malzeme ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki kopukluklar\u0131 anlayabilir,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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      \u0130yile\u015ftirme faaliyetleri (Kaizen) i\u00e7in bir yol haritas\u0131 olu\u015fturabilirler.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      VSM ile Hangi Problemler Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n

      Bir VSM \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, genellikle g\u00fcnl\u00fck operasyonlar\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu i\u00e7inde fark edilemeyen \u015fu problemler g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar:<\/p>\n

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        A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Stoklar:<\/b> S\u00fcre\u00e7ler aras\u0131nda biriken yar\u0131 mamuller (WIP) ve hammadde y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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        Gereksiz Beklemeler:<\/b> Bir i\u015flemin bitip di\u011ferinin ba\u015flamas\u0131 aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en \u00f6l\u00fc zamanlar.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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        Bilgi Karma\u015fas\u0131:<\/b> \u00dcretim emrinin sahadaki ger\u00e7ek ihtiya\u00e7la uyu\u015fmamas\u0131 veya yanl\u0131\u015f planlama.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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        Dengesiz Hatlar:<\/b> Bir makinenin \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131, di\u011ferinin \u00e7ok yava\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan ritim bozuklu\u011fu.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        De\u011fer Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 Haritas\u0131 Nas\u0131l Olu\u015fturulur?<\/h2>\n

        VSM olu\u015fturmak, ofis ba\u015f\u0131nda yap\u0131labilecek bir i\u015f de\u011fildir. Mutlaka “Gemba”ya (i\u015fin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yere) gidilmeli ve veriler bizzat g\u00f6zlemlenerek toplanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        S\u00fcre\u00e7 Ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n Belirlenmesi<\/h3>\n

        \u0130lk ad\u0131m, se\u00e7ilen bir \u00fcr\u00fcn ailesi i\u00e7in s\u00fcrecin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan (tedarik\u00e7i) sonuna (m\u00fc\u015fteri) kadar olan t\u00fcm ana kutular\u0131 \u00e7izmektir. Her bir i\u015flem ad\u0131m\u0131, bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 kutusu ile temsil edilir.<\/p>\n

        Zaman ve Performans Verilerinin Eklenmesi<\/h3>\n

        Her s\u00fcre\u00e7 kutusunun alt\u0131na bir “veri kutusu” eklenir. Burada \u015fu kritik veriler yer al\u0131r:<\/p>\n

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          C\/T (Cycle Time):<\/b> Bir par\u00e7an\u0131n o istasyonda tamamlanma s\u00fcresi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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          C\/O (Changeover Time):<\/b> Model de\u011fi\u015fim s\u00fcresi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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          Uptime:<\/b> Makinenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi oran\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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          Personel Say\u0131s\u0131:<\/b> O istasyonda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan operat\u00f6r say\u0131s\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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          EPEI (Every Part Every Interval):<\/b> \u00dcretim s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Mevcut Durum ve Gelecek Durum VSM Aras\u0131ndaki Fark<\/h2>\n

          VSM \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 iki a\u015famal\u0131 bir yolculuktur:<\/p>\n

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            Mevcut Durum Haritas\u0131:<\/b> “\u015eu an ne yap\u0131yoruz?” sorusunun cevab\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcm hatalar\u0131yla, israflar\u0131yla ve verimsizli\u011fiyle mevcut sistemin foto\u011fraf\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          2. \n

            Gelecek Durum Haritas\u0131:<\/b> “Sistem nas\u0131l olmal\u0131?” sorusunun cevab\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130sraflar\u0131n temizlendi\u011fi, ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7ekme sisteminin (Kanban) kurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ideal senaryodur.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u0130ki harita aras\u0131ndaki fark, i\u015fletmenin iyile\u015ftirme projelerinin listesini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

            VSM Sembolleri ve Temel G\u00f6sterimler<\/h2>\n

            VSM\u2019in evrensel bir dili vard\u0131r. Bu sayede d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerindeki yal\u0131n uzmanlar ayn\u0131 haritay\u0131 okuyabilir:<\/p>\n

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              Fabrika Sembol\u00fc:<\/b> M\u00fc\u015fteriyi ve tedarik\u00e7iyi temsil eder.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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              Veri Kutusu:<\/b> S\u00fcre\u00e7 parametrelerini i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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              \u00dc\u00e7gen Sembol\u00fc:<\/b> Stok ve envanter miktar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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              Kamyon Sembol\u00fc:<\/b> Nakliye ve sevkiyat\u0131 temsil eder.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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              G\u00f6zl\u00fck Sembol\u00fc:<\/b> Gemba g\u00f6zlemini (Go and See) ifade eder.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              VSM Yal\u0131n \u00dcretim ile Nas\u0131l \u0130li\u015fkilidir?<\/h2>\n

              VSM, yal\u0131n \u00fcretimin “pusulas\u0131” gibidir. 5S, SMED, Kaizen veya Jidoka gibi ara\u00e7lar\u0131 nereye uygulayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131za VSM karar verir. E\u011fer bir VSM analizi yapmadan rastgele Kaizen yaparsan\u0131z, sistemin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcne fayda sa\u011flamayan “yerel optimizasyonlar” yapm\u0131\u015f olursunuz. VSM, t\u00fcm iyile\u015ftirme enerjisinin sistemin en zay\u0131f halkas\u0131na (darbo\u011faz) odaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

              Hangi Sekt\u00f6rlerde De\u011fer Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 Haritas\u0131 Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n

              VSM denilince akla ilk otomotiv gelse de uygulama alan\u0131 \u00e7ok geni\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

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                \u00dcretim:<\/b> Tala\u015fl\u0131 imalat, tekstil, g\u0131da, savunma sanayi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                Hizmet:<\/b> Bankac\u0131l\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7leri, sigorta hasar y\u00f6netimi, \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 merkezleri.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                Sa\u011fl\u0131k:<\/b> Hasta kabulden taburcu etmeye kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin analizi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                Yaz\u0131l\u0131m:<\/b> Talebin gelmesinden kodun yay\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131na (Deployment) kadar olan ak\u0131\u015f (DevOps VSM).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                De\u011fer Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 Haritas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda Yap\u0131lan Yayg\u0131n Hatalar<\/h2>\n

                Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir VSM \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engeller genellikle \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

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                  Ofiste Harita \u00c7izmek:<\/b> Ger\u00e7ek veriler sahadad\u0131r. Tahminlerle \u00e7izilen harita yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                  Karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k:<\/b> Haritay\u0131 \u00e7ok detayl\u0131 hale getirip (mikro s\u00fcre\u00e7ler) i\u00e7inde kaybolmak.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                  Statik B\u0131rakmak:<\/b> Haritay\u0131 \u00e7izip duvara asmak ve bir daha bakmamak. VSM canl\u0131 bir d\u00f6k\u00fcmand\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                  Gelecek Durumu Tasarlamamak:<\/b> Mevcut durumu \u00e7izip iyile\u015ftirme hedefi koymamak sadece zaman kayb\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  VSM \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 Sonras\u0131nda Neler Kazan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n

                  Ba\u015far\u0131yla tamamlanan bir VSM ve gelecek durum uygulamas\u0131 sonucunda:<\/p>\n

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                    Lead Time K\u0131s\u0131almas\u0131:<\/b> \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fc\u015fteriye ula\u015fma s\u00fcresinde %50\u2019ye varan iyile\u015fme.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                    Stok Azal\u0131\u015f\u0131:<\/b> Depolarda bekleyen par\u00e7a miktar\u0131nda ciddi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                    Verimlilik Art\u0131\u015f\u0131:<\/b> Birim \u00fcr\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen i\u015f\u00e7ilik ve zaman maliyetinde azalma.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                    G\u00f6rsel Y\u00f6netim:<\/b> T\u00fcm ekibin hedefleri ve aksakl\u0131klar\u0131 ayn\u0131 dilde konu\u015fmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    De\u011fer Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 Haritas\u0131 ile S\u00fcre\u00e7 \u0130yile\u015ftirme Nas\u0131l Ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n

                    Bir VSM \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle bir “\u00dcr\u00fcn Ailesi” se\u00e7melisiniz. En \u00e7ok sat\u0131lan, en \u00e7ok \u015fikayet al\u0131nan veya \u00fcretiminde en \u00e7ok zorlan\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc se\u00e7mek ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 i\u00e7in en do\u011frusudur. Ard\u0131ndan, \u00e7apraz fonksiyonlu bir ekip (\u00dcretim, Planlama, Kalite, Bak\u0131m) kurarak sahaya inmeli ve ilk verileri toplamal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

                    De\u011fer Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 Haritas\u0131 (VSM) Kimler \u0130\u00e7in Uygundur?<\/h2>\n

                    VSM, i\u015fini sadece “y\u00f6netmek” de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda “iyile\u015ftirmek” isteyen her \u00f6l\u00e7ekteki i\u015fletme i\u00e7in uygundur. \u00d6zellikle;<\/p>\n

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                      \u00dcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k ya\u015fayanlar,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                      M\u00fc\u015fteriye teslimat s\u00fcrelerini yeti\u015ftiremeyenler,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                      Y\u00fcksek stok maliyetinden \u015fikayet edenler,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                      Dijital d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm (End\u00fcstri 4.0) \u00f6ncesi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini sadele\u015ftirmek isteyenler i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmezdir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

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                      De\u011fer ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 haritalama, bir organizasyonun “g\u00f6rme” yetene\u011fini art\u0131ran bir g\u00f6zl\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu g\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc takt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, art\u0131k israflar gizlenemez hale gelir ve m\u00fckemmelli\u011fe giden yol netle\u015fir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      De\u011fer Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 Haritas\u0131 (VSM) Nedir? Bir i\u015fletmenin \u00fcretim sahas\u0131na girdi\u011finizde makinelerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, insanlar\u0131n hareket etti\u011fini ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin bir noktadan di\u011ferine ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz. Ancak bu hareketlerin ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten m\u00fc\u015fterinin \u00f6demeye raz\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir “de\u011fer” yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n ise sistemin i\u00e7ine gizlenmi\u015f birer “israf” oldu\u011funu anlamak zordur. \u0130\u015fte De\u011fer Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 Haritas\u0131 (Value Stream Mapping – VSM),…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"De\u011fer Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 Haritas\u0131 (VSM) Nedir? | Gemba Partner","_seopress_titles_desc":"De\u011fer Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 Haritas\u0131 (VSM) nedir, nas\u0131l haz\u0131rlan\u0131r ve i\u015fletmelere ne kazand\u0131r\u0131r? Yal\u0131n \u00fcretimde VSM\u2019in rol\u00fcn\u00fc ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6\u011frenin.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[119],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-100006003","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-mukemmellik"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gembapartner.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100006003","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gembapartner.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gembapartner.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gembapartner.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gembapartner.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=100006003"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/gembapartner.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100006003\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":100006303,"href":"https:\/\/gembapartner.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100006003\/revisions\/100006303"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gembapartner.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=100006003"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gembapartner.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=100006003"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gembapartner.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=100006003"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}